The links below will help you with translating tools between English and Spanish.
1. Audio of a words in both English and Spanish. Will also translate phrases.
2. Google Search - Espana: The word can be typed in English, and the search finds results in Spanish, including images
3. Also Google Arabic is available.
2. Google Search - Espana: The word can be typed in English, and the search finds results in Spanish, including images
3. Also Google Arabic is available.
An image about the New Deal
FDR was Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president elected in 1932 based on a promise to make people's lives better. He had a New Deal.
* What does this image say the deal was supposed to do for people?
* Which “R” was most important to do first? Why?
The New Deal
New Deal Timeline
This image above tell an important thing about The New Deal. It was intended to provide relief, recovery, and reform. The new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, made it clear that the main way to do this was to create jobs.
This image above tell an important thing about The New Deal. It was intended to provide relief, recovery, and reform. The new president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, made it clear that the main way to do this was to create jobs.
The Great Depression caused a change in who led the country. Americans voted out Herbert Hoover, and voted in Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in 1932.
America was nervous because so many people were having hard times. Then FDR won the election to be president. He made a statement that made people feel better because they now heard someone tell them that help from the government was on the way. he said...
Hear him actually say those words
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
Here is a speech he gave about his plan to help the people of The United States
Mr. Roosevelt accepted the nomination to be Persistent in person. In his acceptance speech (what you say when you are formally accepting something that is a big deal), he said he would battle the Great Depression in the United States with a "New Deal" for the people. He said:
"I pledge you, I pledge myself, to a new deal for the American people."
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When he was elected this New Deal would really happen.
These are some of the programs that helped people. What actual soup did they model this after?
These are some of the programs that helped people. What actual soup did they model this after?
It was a number of different programs intended to help Americans. The goal of the programs was in three parts
1. RELIEF ( to stop the hurting right away)
2. RECOVERY ( to help people improve their lives for good
3. REFORM ( change laws to make certain bad things like this would not happen again).
That is...
Relief
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for the unemployed and poor
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Recovery
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of the economy to normal levels of jobs and buying, and selling
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Reform
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of the financial (money) system to prevent a repeat depression.
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New Deal Programs
There were several types of New Deal programs. They included:
* Federal Works Programs (To give jobs)
* Environmental Improvement Projects (To give jobs)
* Farm Assistance Programs (To help farmers)
Social Security:
On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act was approved and started a system of benefits (help) for those most in need:
2. benefits for workers hurt on the job
3. help for those who find themselves unemployed
4. aid for mothers and children when a husband/father who is the only one in the family earning money is killed
5. the blind
6. the physically handicapped.
In other words Social Security was a way to give money support to those who needed it most.
Federal Work Programs
Can you tell what jobs any of these symbols represent?
These were programs were designed to help people get back to work. There were a number of different ones.
* Some were aimed at giving jobs to artists.
* Some were aimed at giving jobs to young men (CCC), and
* Some were aimed at giving jobs to all young people old enough to work (NYA).
WPA
The Works Progress Administration (later Works Projects Administration, abbreviated WPA), was created on May 6, 1935. It was the largest New Deal program. WPA worked by having the Federal Government pay to do things that employed people. WPA projects mostly employed blue-collar workers (A worker who usually works with their hands, and gets paid by the hour. These type jobs require more physical work.) Often this work involved construction projects across the nation.
This is a construction job. What kind of work are they doing?
What are they building?
What are they building?
According to one person who checked into this, "The WPA built
* 78,000 bridges,
* 125,000 buildings, and
* seven hundred miles of airport runways... It
* presented 225,000 concerts to audiences totaling 150 million, and
* produced almost 475,000 works of art.
Even today, more than 80 years after it ceased (stopped) to exist, there is no part of America that does not have some connection to the work of the WPA.
See the story of WPA Programs
Hear about the Federal Theater Project that gave unemployed actosr work
National Youth Administration (NYA)
On June 26th, 1935 the National Youth Administration was started as part of the Works Progress Administration. It was given the job of starting a program to provide emergency relief and employment to males and females between the ages of 16 and 25 who are no longer in regular attendance at a school requiring full time study, and who are not already in a job earning money. The way they would be helped is that they would be given jobs doing different things.
NYA poster speaking to girls
Here is one for boys
Look at the pictures in each. Were they offering the same kinds of jobs to both boys and girls?
Environmental Improvement Projects:
The environment is the world we live in. Nature. One other way the New Deal put people back to work so they could buy food, clothes, and a place to live was to work on jobs that helped the environment.
One organization started to do this was called the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). They had two main jobs:
* Make the environment (nature) better
The Civilian Conservation Corps started on March 31, 1933. The CCC had a two-fold purpose:
2. protect the country's nature.
The CCC to put to work 500,000 rural, unmarried, poor boys between the ages of eighteen through twenty-five, whose families were on government relief. It did many different jobs in each state:
(All these links have pictures that show you these things)
* soil conservation (saving soil)
* road construction
* forest preservation
* building roads, and small dams
* creating and protecting state and federal parks,
* digging ditches
* fighting fires, educating the people on soil conservation,
and many more important jobs.
Farm Assistance Programs
The government was paying attention to the fact that farmers across the country needed help. A program called the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was designed ... to help them. Help them by making the things they raised (crops and animals) worth more money. Help them by giving them money called subsidies to NOT produce crops. Less supply of crops would make the prices go up, and farmers would not be hurting so much. At least that was what the Government thought.
In 1933 Congress passed the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) to provide economic relief (HELP!!!) to farmers.
The goal of the AAA was to help farmers by raising crop prices. To do this they would pay farmers (subsidies) to reduce the amount they were making. The hope was that the reduced supply of farm products would make prices go higher.
The program would be paid for by a tax put on companies that processed farm products (dairies that processed milk into butter, ice cream, etc.; companies that took fruit and put it into cans; places that took grain and made bread).
By the time the act had become law, however, the growing season was well underway, and the AAA encouraged farmers to plow under their growing crops. This even included paying pig farmers to kill pigs.
A pile of pigs that have been killed, and not for being turned into meat people would eat. Killed so there would be less pigs to buy.
Although the AAA had been mostly successful, it was abandoned in 1936, when the tax on food processors was ruled unconstitutional (a violation of the law). Six weeks later Congress passed a more effective farm-relief act, which allowed the government to make payments to farmers who reduced the amount of crops they planted that used too much of the nutrients (good stuff) in the soil .
Summary
This video was a short movie made during the Great Depression/New Deal time. It shows people doing some of the things the New Deal included.
The expansion of the role of the Federal Government in people's daily lives
See all the people reaching out to and getting help from the man on the right, President Roosevelt?
The goal of The New Deal that President Roosevelt and his helpers designed was to help people in the United States. The goals were to provide
*Relief,
*Recovery, and
*Reform.
These programs were necessary, because so many people were suffering due to no job, no place to live and no food to eat.
It was necessary for government to get involved MORE in people’s daily lives than they had been before.
Government had never before been involved in helping people like the Social Security program did:
*money to the elderly (old),
* money to hurt workers,
* money to the unemployed, and
* money to widows and orphans.
The government had never directly paid to put this many people to work before.
These were examples of the federal government being involved in people’s daily lives like they never had been before.
One way you can see that the Federal government was more involved in the lives of people was to look at how much money they spent.
Look at this graph of how much money the federal government did spend. What does it show you happened with spending during the New Deal?
See how at the beginning of the graph, in the years after 1930 during the New Deal, how the government started spending (red line) more than they were getting from taxes (blue line). Is it a good idea to spend more than you actually have???
(The BIG jump in the 1940s was because of something VERY expensive, in many ways, in which we would be involved.)
All of the job programs run by the WPA, NYA, and CCC were something that was new. Never before had the Federal government been involved in providing jobs for the unemployed.
And then there were the farmers. They had NEVER before been paid NOT to do their jobs, which was to grow crops (corn, wheat), milk cows, and raise cattle for meat.
One particular farmer, Gordon Stevens (Grampa) of Wysox, Pennsylvania really did not like it. He said "I don't like the government trying to tell me how to run this farm. We've been doing it for hundreds of years and don't need them telling us what to do."
The Stevens farm in northern Pennsylvania along the Susquehanna River
As you can see, the Federal (National) government was getting involved in people’s lives in ways they never had before.
An increased expectation that the government would provide services
In the minds of some people this help form the Federal government had a negative effect. They began to expect the Federal government to provide help and things for them all the time. This includes help finding jobs and paying for food. With the government paying for so many people to do so many things folks began to depend on that help just to survive.
The lady is holding a credit card (how you borrow money) that is a symbol of U.S. Government spending on things. She has stuff she wants, and is STILL calling for more. Some say one effect of the New Deal was that people started to DEPEND on government spending.
Almost every New Deal program went against the basic idea of laissez faire, which as you remember from our earlier units, meant that the government would NOT get involved in business. People came to expect that the government would solve their problems.
Many social reforms (changes) such as Social Security were obviously needed. Few people will deny that greatly required relief programs were needed for those in need. However, many in the nations came to rely on them. AND we were spending more to do all of this than we had. We, as a nation were borrowing. A LOT.
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